In the current global landscape, the United States contributes to only about 12% of the world's microelectronics production, with the bulk of manufacturing occurring in Asia. This situation presents a significant challenge for the U.S., which lacks the infrastructure needed to validate and commercialize new microelectronics technologies, thereby discouraging domestic industry investment. To address this issue, the Department of Defense (DOD) is leading an initiative called the "microelectronics commons" to enhance America's ability to bring cutting-edge microelectronics to market.
The idea of the microelectronics commons was conceived by Victoria Coleman, now serving as the chief scientist of the Air Force, approximately seven years ago. It originated from discussions at the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, where it became evident that early-stage microelectronics research in the U.S. could not be sufficiently validated domestically, forcing reliance on overseas facilities, particularly in Asia.
Coleman cited the example of a Stanford researcher working in neuromorphic computing, who had to manufacture his innovations abroad due to the absence of domestic facilities capable of producing the necessary volume to demonstrate viability. Neuromorphic computing, which emulates human brain functions, requires large-scale production to confirm its market potential and support future AI applications.
The microelectronics commons aims to address this intermediary step, known as "lab-to-fab," which currently takes place mainly in foreign semiconductor fabrication plants. This initiative seeks to establish a domestic infrastructure where new technologies can transition from research to commercialization within the U.S.
Building the Microelectronics Commons
The creation of the microelectronics commons will involve identifying existing facilities that can function as "hub nodes" and "core nodes." Hub nodes will produce 200 mm wafers for microelectronic production, while core nodes will manage larger 300 mm wafers suitable for commercial production. It is anticipated that around ten hub nodes and two core nodes will form the foundation of the commons.
The DOD plans to enhance existing facilities with funding to boost their capabilities, rather than building new ones. This strategy ensures that the U.S. can retain its technological advancements within its borders, reducing dependence on foreign nations and mitigating risks of intellectual property theft.
Ensuring Self-Sustainability
Although the DOD will initially fund the commons, the ultimate goal is to make it self-sustaining. Coleman envisions a model where the government maintains minimal investment, with the commons operating as a business serving various stakeholders, including academia, small businesses, startups, and large corporations.
Re-establishing microelectronics design and production in the U.S. is vital to prevent reliance on adversaries for critical defense technologies. Coleman stresses that maintaining production capabilities domestically is crucial for sustaining innovation and preventing the erosion of the skilled workforce.
Addressing National Security Concerns
The current reliance on foreign facilities, particularly in adversarial countries, is viewed as a national security risk. Coleman warns that depending on these nations to validate U.S. innovations is untenable, likening it to a "national emergency." The microelectronics commons is positioned as a strategic solution to reclaim control over the innovation lifecycle and secure America's technological future.
In conclusion, the microelectronics commons represents a crucial effort by the DOD to revitalize U.S. microelectronics production capabilities. By fostering a domestic ecosystem for innovation and production, the initiative aims to ensure that the U.S. remains at the forefront of technological advancement while safeguarding national security interests.